THE THOUGHT CONSTRUCTION OF YUSUF AL-QARADHAWI IN UNDERSTANDING THE HADITH: AN ANALYSIS OF NON-FIXED VARIABLE AND FIXED MEANS OF ACHIEVING FIXED GOALS

This article discusses the construction of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi in applying changing and fixed means in achieving fixed goals. This article constructs how the process and stages to get to it so that there are no mistakes in achieving fixed goals. This research method is qualitative. While the data processing uses analytical descriptive methods. In this article, the problems studied include Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's anxiety in seeing the phenomenon of people who tend to understand hadith textually, Presentation of several examples of hadith listed by Yusuf al-Qaradhawi in strengthening his thinking regarding fixed and changing means, and the formulation of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's construction in understanding hadith with changing means and fixed means. The results of the study show that the steps in knowing the right means or changing foxes are as follows; (1) Determine wasīlah and gāyah in a matan hadith. (2) Formulate a gāyah if it is not present in the matan. (3) Determine functionally similar contemporary wasīlah. (4) Consider the wasīlah to the state of social society


INTRODUCTION
Hadith as the second basis in Islam has a vital role in guiding people towards goodness and truth.This is in line with the function of the hadith as an explanation of the holy verses of the Al-Qur'an which were revealed globally.In addition, hadith also functions as reinforcement and affirmation of information in the Al-Qur'an and determines laws that are not stipulated in the Al-Qur'an 1 .
In practice, not a few among Muslims who are different or even misunderstand the hadith, this is due to differences in concepts in understanding the hadith.Moreover, the times always experience the dynamics of development which tend to be rapid so that the understanding of some hadiths cannot be understood directly textually.This indicator then encourages contemporary scholars to formulate methods of understanding hadith.
In understanding hadith, each reviewer has different concepts, methods, approaches to reach an understanding of hadith which is then narrated as syarah hadith.Previously, the method of understanding hadith was not written down explicitly so that it had an impact on the difficulty of understanding a method of understanding hadith.along with the development of hadith discipline, not a few scholars especially Islam or hadith scholars wrote about the concept of understanding hadith, such as Yusuf al-Qaradhawi 2 , Shalahuddin Al adlabi 3 , Muhammad Al Gazali 4 , Syuhudi Ismail 5 , Musahadi Vol 9. No. 1 (June 2024) journalofhadith.usim.edu.myDsdsdd Ham6 , dan Mustafa Ali Ya'qub. 7In this paper, researchers will discuss one of the constructs of ideas among them, namely Yusuf al-Qaradhawi.
In books Kaifa nata'amalu ma'a al sunnah al nabawiyah, al-Qaradhawi formulated eight steps to understand hadith.8Furthermore, the method formulated by al-Qaradhawi is widely used by Muslims in an effort to understand hadith texts.Of the eight steps formulated by Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, the researcher wants to focus on just one step.Limiting the scope of this study aims to make research more focused and in-depth.
As for the research that discusses the method of understanding hadith in general, there are a lot of them.It can also be said that studies related to Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's thoughts are among those that have been widely studied by Indonesian Muslims and even the world.At least, this can be seen from the many works of al-Qaradhawi that are used as references, a number of his writings which have been translated into various languages, and the many studies that examine al-Qaradhawi's thoughts (although in percentage terms, the study of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's thoughts is more dominant on fiqh than hadith).
Existing hadith research related to Yusuf al-Qaradhawi tends to discuss the following studies.First, Discussion related to research methods fiqh al ḥadis.In this case, there are various kinds of discussions such as methods of applying hadith as a source of law, methods of using hadith in contemporary phenomena, Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's contribution to hadith studies and Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's hermeneutic studies.
Second, Research that examines the application of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's method in understanding hadith, this section is part of ma'ani al ḥadis.Examples include studies that discuss career women according to Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's perspective, the concept of bank interest, and professional zakat.
Third, Research on the thoughts of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi with the concept of comparative studies.Among them is research that compares the thoughts of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi and Muhammad Al Ghazali, as well as Yusuf al-Qaradhawi and Abdullah Saeed.
Of the three trends above, there has been no research that examines specifically the construction of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's thought in understanding hadith with changing means and fixed means.In the following discussion the researcher will try to formulate premises and steps in determining hadiths that contain means that can change and vice versa.This paper departs from three main.First, Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's anxiety in seeing the phenomenon of society which tends to understand hadith textually.This has an impact on people's rejection of the use of facilities that should be able to change with the times.Worse, resistance to the use of new tools can make the intended target not as suitable as it should be.
Second, the presentation of several examples of hadith included by Yusuf al-Qaradhawi in strengthening his thoughts regarding fixed and changing means.The references that are the focus of researchers in this study are book Kaifa nata'amalu ma'a al sunnah al nabawiyah and al sunnah maṣdaran li al ma'rifati wa al ḥaḍarati. 9ird, The formulation of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's construction in understanding hadith with changing means and fixed means.In this discussion, researchers will try to formulate premises in understanding hadith with changing means and fixed means.

METHODOLOGY
This research method is qualitative, namely scientific research by referring to the data base that has been collected.In collecting it, the researcher grouped it into two parts, namely primary and secondary data.First, Primary data, namely a data collected from the main reference, namely the book Kaifa nata'amalu ma'a al sunnah al nabawiyah by Yusuf al-Qardawi.
Second, Secondary data, namely data collected from other sources by Yusuf al-Qaradhawi that have a correlation with this study such as the book al sunnah maṣḍaran li al ma'rifati wal ḥaḍarati, books and scientific articles that have links to support this research.In processing the data, researchers used descriptive analytical method.Namely describing and making tables related to examples of hadith in the book by Yusuf al-Qaradhawi, then analysing these hadiths in order to achieve the objectives of this research.

BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF YUSUF AL-QARDAWI
Yusuf al-Qaradhawi is one of the mujtahid contemporary fiqh who was born in Shafth Turab, on December 9, 1926.A village in Egypt, in which the village also contains the tomb of Abdullah bin Haris ra.10 Al-Qaradhawi has been orphaned since he was a teenager.His father died when he was two years old, while his mother died when he was 15 years old.Since then, al-Qaradhawi was raised, educated, taught science and Islamic law by his uncle.11 Al-Qaradhawi's intelligence has been seen since he was small.When he was ten years old, al-Qaradhawi had already memorized the Al-Qur'an.At the same time, he also studied at an elementary school under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Teaching of Egypt until he graduated from high school at Ma'had Thanta. 12 addition, al-Qaradhawi's intelligence was also seen when he successfully completed his education at the Ushuluddin Faculty of Al Azhar University in 1953 with the title summa cum laude.Al-Qaradhawi then continued his education by majoring in Arabic for two years and successfully graduated with the best honors among 500 other students.The next level of education is the postgraduate level at Al Azhar University majoring in Hadith Interpretation. 13 1973, al-Qaradhawi completed his doctoral program at al-Azhar with a dissertation title al zakat fi al Islām.This work was later perfected into fiqh al zakat which is one of the world's Muslim references regarding the concept of contemporary zakat.14Among al-Qardawi's teachers who also influenced his spiritual thinking are Shaykh Muhammad al-Audan, hadith lecturer and Al Azhar University Graduates and Shaykh `Abd al-Halim Mahmud, philosophy lecturer and Graduates one of the Universities in France. 15-Qaradhawi died on September 26, 2022 at the age of 96.During his lifetime, al-Qaradhawi has written around 125 books in various scientific groups.In the discipline of hadith, at least al-Qaradhawi wrote four works, that is Kaifa nata'amau ma'a al sunnah al nabawiyah, al sunnah maşḍaran li al ma'rifati wa al ḥadarati, al madhal li dirāsat al sunnah,and al muntaqa fi al tarhīb wa al targīb.

ANALYSIS
In his book, al-Qaradhawi mentions the anxiety he experienced when Muslims failed to understand hadiths regarding the changing means of hadiths.Al-Qaradhawi gave an example regarding the beginning of the month of Ramadan in 1409 H, there was a difference of three days.This much difference, according to him, makes no sense and cannot be accepted by the logic of science or the logic of religion. 16 that in understanding the context of the hadith, it is also necessary to pay attention to related 'illah and ma'lul (reasons and excuses).When 'illah of a phenomenon has nothing, then ma'lul also needs to be considered non-existent, as explained in the rules uṣūl al fiqh, al ḥukmu yadūru ma'a 'illatihi wujūdan wa 'adaman (Every law goes together 'illah, both in its existence and in its absence).A discussion of the phenomenon of the beginning of the month has been written extensively by Ahmad Syakir in his book Awa'il Asy syuhūr Al 'arabiyah. 17 Despite paying attention to the urgency of distinguishing changing means in hadith, al-Qaradhawi did not provide steps towards it.In this paper the researcher will formulate these steps based on data which are examples of hadith in two of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi's works.Then the researchers classify according to the theme in the following table;

No
Hadith text Riwayat Ibn majah, al-Tirmidzi, Ibn Hibban and Ahmad 5.There is a similarity in its type and gāyah.That is the same as a method of knowing the start time of fasting in the month of Ramadan Fourth.Consider wasīlah new to social conditions.In carrying out or using contemporary means when understanding hadith, it is very important to know the social conditions of the local community.The reason is, not all Muslims will assume wasīlah as a form of contextualization and manifestation of hadith in the contemporary era.Not a few of certain groups consider the phenomenon be it novelty is a phenomenon for which there is no basis even to speak of bid'ah.
As an example, Ahmad Dahlan's concept of education is oriented towards modern education, namely the classical-integral education system.20 What Ahmad Dahlan did was something new at that time and tended not to be accepted by society.According to the hadith researchers, the basis for this case is: ṭolabu al 'ilmi farīḍotun 'ala kulli muslimīn.Until that happens wasīlah is what activities or facilities are used to achieve gāyah is the success of students in studying.In fact, it was legal to use the modern education system, which at that time was thick with Dutch culture gāyah of the activity does not change.However, because social conditions cannot accept or even ridicule, maximizing existing concepts feels safer if you are not sure about them wasīlah new to apply.
Seeing the social situation at that time, Ahmad Dahlan almost gave up and was about to leave Yogyakarta when his mosque was burned down because his students changed the Qibla direction at the Gede Mosque.However, he was again encouraged by those closest to him and then continued his preaching in Yogyakarta.21 Judging from the example above, then consider wasīlah with the state of society is a step that needs to be done.This is done to avoid divisions among the people because there are differences in meaning wasīlah in a matan hadith.Although the above example does not mean that Ahmad Dahlan is not accurate in his concept of da'wah

CONCLUSION
From the eight steps set by Yusuf al-Qardawi in understanding the hadith, all of them need to have a premise to achieve that goal.This also applies to the step-by-step understanding of hadith constructed by other hadith scholars such as Al Ghazali and Syuhudi Ismail.
Based on the results of the research assessment, there are four steps to find out the means and targets in a hadith text.First, Determine wasīlah already gāyah in a matan hadith.Second, Formulate gāyah when not found in matan.Third, Determinebe it functionally similar contemporary stage is done is to make qiyas (comparison) to both wasīlah.Fourth.Consider wasīlah new with the state of social society.
Opportunities for the study of this discussion are still very broad.So that the next researcher can conduct a study study around this book with a similar discussion but with other steps in Steps to understand the hadith of Yusuf al-Qaradhawi or Steps to understand the hadith constructed by other hadith reviewers.