مَجْمَعُ بِحَار الأنوار في غَرَائِب التَّنْزيل ولَطَائِف الأخبار" لمحمَّد بن طاهِر الفَتَّنِيّ: دراسةٌ وصفيةٌ نقديةٌ
Majmaʿ Biḥār al-Anwār fī Gharāʾib al-Tanzīl wa Laṭāʾif al-Akhbār" by Muḥammad bin Ṭāhir al-Fattanī: A Descriptive and Critical Study
Keywords:
Gharīb al-Ḥadīth; Majmaʿ Biḥār al-Anwār; al-Fattanī; Muḥammad bin Ṭāhir; descriptive and critical study.Abstract
Gharīb al-Ḥadīth refers to the obscure and infrequently used terms within the texts of prophetic traditions that are often difficult to understand due to their rarity. This field represents a distinguished and essential branch of ḥadīth sciences, as it enables precise understanding of the intended meanings behind the sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad (S.A.W). Throughout Islamic history, leading scholars of ḥadīth and Arabic linguistics have made significant contributions to this discipline. Among them is Shaykh Muḥammad bin Ṭāhir al-Fattanī, a prominent Indian ḥadīth scholar of 10th-century Hijri. He authored a notable work titled Majmaʿ Biḥār al-Anwār fī Gharāʾib al-Tanzīl wa Laṭāʾif al-Akhbār, in which he clarified obscure terms found in the ḥadīth literature, particularly in the Ṣiḥāḥ and the Sunan collections. Since its appearance, this book has been widely received and appreciated by ḥadīth scholars and students, becoming a key reference in the study of gharīb al-ḥadīth. This research presents a descriptive and critical analysis of the work, while also highlighting the significance of gharīb al-ḥadīth and the scholarly attention it has received through both commentary and authorship. The researcher adopts two methodological approaches: the descriptive method is used to introduce the book and to outline the methodology followed by al-Fattanī in its compilation. The critical method, on the other hand, is employed to assess the book’s unique features as well as its limitations. Based on this analysis, the study concludes that gharīb al-ḥadīth is an indispensable field within ḥadīth sciences and that familiarity with it is essential for accurately understanding the Prophet’s intended meanings. Al-Fattanī’s contribution through this work is notable for its scholarly value and its unique features, placing it among the most significant writings in the discipline—despite certain methodological shortcomings in its structure and execution.
Downloads
References
Ibn al-Athīr, Majd al-Dīn Abu al-Saʿādāt al-Mubārak ibn Muḥammad al-Jazarī. (2009). Al-Nihāyah fī Gharīb al-Ḥadīth wa al-Athar. Bayrūt: Dār al-Maʿrifah.
Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, Abū ʿAmar ʿUthmān ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Shahrazūrī. (1998). ʿUlūm al-Ḥadīth. Bayrūt: Dār al-Fikr. Ṭ3.
Ibn al-ʿImād, Abū al-Falāḥ ʿAbd al-Ḥayy ibn Aḥmad al-Ḥanbalī. (1986). Shadharāt al-Dhahab fī Akhbār man Dhahab. Bayrūt: Dār Ibn Kathīr.
Dehlawī, ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq ibn Sayfuddīn. (1977). Akhbār al-Akhyār. Delhi: Adabī Duniyā.
Iṣlāḥī, Ḍiyāʾuddin. (2006). Tadhkirat al-Muḥaddithīn. Aʿẓam Garh: Dār al-Muṣannifīn.
Belijramī, Ghulām ʿAlī al-Ḥusaynī al-Wāsiṭī. (2024). Subḥat al-Marjān fī Āthār Hindustān. Bayrūt: Dār al-Rāfidīn.
Ḥasanī, ʿAbdul-Ḥayy ibn Fakhruddin. (1999). Nuzhat al-Khawāṭir wa Bahjat al-Masāmiʿ wa al-Nawāẓir. Bayrūt: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
Ḥasanī, ʿAbdul-Ḥayy ibn Fakhruddin. (1983). Al-Thaqāfah al-Islāmiyyah fī al-Hind. Dimashq: Majmaʿ al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyyah.
Zarkalī, Khayīruddin. (1997). Al-Aʿlām. Bayrūt: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malāyīn.
Sakhāwī, Abū al-Khayīr Shamsuddin Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. (2005). Fatḥ al-Mughīth bi-Sharḥ Alfiyya al-Ḥadīth. Riyāḍ: Dār al-Minhāj.
Suyūṭī, Abū al-Faḍl Jalāluddin ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Abī Bakr al-Miṣrī. (2003). Tadrīb al-Rāwī fī Sharḥ Taqrīb al-Nawāwī. Riyāḍ: Dār al-ʿĀṣimah.
ʿIrāqī, Abū al-Faḍl ZayīnuddinʿAbdul Raḥīm ibn al-Ḥusayīn. (1428). Alfiyyat al-ʿIrāqī al-Musammāh bi-al-Tabsirah wa al-Tadhkirah fī ʿUlūm al-Ḥadīth. Riyāḍ: Maktabat Dār al-Minhāj.
Ayīdarūs, ʿAbdul-Qādir ibn Shaykh ibn ʿAbdullāh al-Ḥaḍramī. (2001). Al-Nūr al-Sāfir ʿan Akhbār al-Qarn al-ʿĀshir. Bayrūt: Dār Ṣādir.
Ghoūrī, Syed ʿAbdul Mājid. (2010). Maṣādir al-Ḥadīth wa Marājiʿuh: Taʿrīf wa Dirāsah. Bayrūt: Dār Ibn Kathīr.
Ghouri, S. A. M. (2017). الشيخ حبيب الرحمن الأعظمي وعطاءه العلمي المميَّز في مجال الحديث النبوي من خلال تأليفِ الكتب فيه وتحقيقِ تراثه.
Ghouri, S. A. M. (2019). أسباب وقوع" العِلَّة" في الحديث: دراسةٌ مُوضَّحةٌ بالأمثلة: Reasons For The Occurrence Of The “Illa”(Hidden Blemish) In Hadith: An Illustrative Study. Journal Of Hadith Studies.
Fattnī, Muḥammad ibn Ṭāhir. (1970). Majmaʿ Biḥār al-Anwār fī Gharāʾib al-Tanzīl wa Laṭāʾif al-Akhbār. Ḥaydarābād: Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-ʿUthmāniyyah.
Qannūjī, Ṣeddīq Ḥasan Khān. (1871). Ittiḥāf al-Nubalāʾ al-Muttaqīn bi-Iḥyāʾ Maʾāthir al-Fuqahāʾ wa al-Muḥaddithīn. Kānpūr: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Niẓāmiyyah.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
