تحلِيل الرُّواة المحكُوم عَليهِم بالْمَطروح في كِتاب تَهْذِيب الكَمال للمِزِّي: دِراسَة استِقْرائِيّة مُقارَنَة
An Analysis of he Narrators Judged as Maṭrūḥ in Tahdhīb al-Kamāl by al-Mizzī: An Inductive Comparative Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/johs.v11i1.444Keywords:
Maṭrūḥ; Tahdhīb al-Kamāl; al-Mizzī.Abstract
This research seeks to analyze the academic standing of narrators categorized as maṭrūḥ in Tahdhīb al-Kamāl. The study adopts a qualitative approach grounded in library-based research. Its data set comprises both primary and secondary sources, which are examined using a descriptive-analytical method. The analytical framework is informed by the principles of al-jarḥ wa al-taʿdīl, while the conclusions are formulated through an inferential and deductive process. The findings demonstrate that, within the technical terminology of ḥadīth scholarship, the designation maṭrūḥ signifies an extreme level of weakness that requires the dismissal of a narration and prevents its acceptance as valid legal or doctrinal evidence. This technical meaning differs from its lexical sense, which does not inherently convey discredit or rejection. From the study of narrators described with the term al-maṭrūḥ in Tahdhīb al-Kamāl, it can be concluded that although the underlying reasons for applying this designation may vary, its predominant practical implication is the rejection of the narration. Ḥamzah ibn Abī Ḥamzah represents its most severe manifestation, as the critics were unanimous in declaring him extremely weak and accusing him of fabricating reports, leading to the judgment that his narrations are entirely inadmissible. As for Fiṭr ibn Khalīfah, despite being labeled maṭrūḥ by some scholars, the majority of leading authorities deemed him reliable; the criticism directed against him was largely attributable to his inclination toward Shīʿism rather than to mendacity or deficient accuracy. Accordingly, the preponderant view is to accept his ḥadīths with due caution. With regard to Ḥassām ibn Miṣak, although some milder expressions were used concerning him, the abundance of explicit and well-substantiated critical judgments, along with the fact that leading scholars abandoned his narrations, renders the predominant ruling the rejection of his reports. In sum, the designation maṭrūḥ generally signifies a severe form of criticism that necessitates the non-acceptance of a narration as authoritative evidence, unless it is counterbalanced by a strong and preponderant accreditation in accordance with the principles of scholarly preference.
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