Analisis Kritikal Pemikiran Schacht Terhadap Autentisiti Hadis
Joseph Schacht’s Perspective on the Authenticity of Ḥadīth: A Critical Appraisal
Keywords:
Ḥadīth authenticity, Joseph Schacht, Orientalist methodology, common link theory, backward projection, Isnād-cum-Matn Analysis, Western scholarship on ḥadīth.Abstract
Criticism of ḥadīth has become a prominent subject of discussion among Western scholars. The issue of ḥadīth authenticity is frequently debated, particularly due to the perceived lack of strong historical documentation—especially concerning the period prior to the second century AH. Among the most influential critics in this discourse is Joseph Schacht. This study examines Schacht’s thought on the authenticity of ḥadīth, focusing on the key theories he introduced, such as the common link theory, backward projection, and others. The paper also highlights the intellectual polemics that his views have sparked among both Western academics and Muslim scholars. This research aims to critically assess Schacht’s arguments against the authenticity of ḥadīth by exploring the methodological foundations of Orientalist scholarship and engaging with scholarly responses from prominent Muslim thinkers and contemporary researchers. A qualitative approach is employed, using content analysis of Schacht’s seminal work, The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, along with subsequent studies by scholars such as G.H.A. Juynboll and Harald Motzki. The findings suggest that Schacht’s approach places excessive emphasis on the isnād while neglecting the matn (content) dimension, and tends to adopt a reductionist view of the Islamic intellectual tradition. Furthermore, the study finds that newer methodologies—particularly the Isnād-cum-Matn Analysis—have effectively challenged several of Schacht’s claims by employing a more comprehensive and structured ḥadīth analysis. The article concludes that Schacht’s theories ought to be re-evaluated critically so as not to dominate ḥadīth studies within an exclusively Orientalist framework, but rather be balanced with more equitable and nuanced scholarly approaches rooted in the Islamic tradition
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