Polemik Hadis Al-Fitan Wa Al-Malāḥim: Tinjauan Terhadap Hadis Ibn Ṣayyād
The Polemics of the Hadiths on al-Fitan and al-Malāḥim: A Study of the Hadith of Ibn Ṣayyād
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33102/johs.v11i1.446Keywords:
al-Fitan wa al-Malahim, Ibn Sayyad, Islamic Eschatology.Abstract
This study examines the controversy surrounding the hadiths of al-Fitan and al-Malāḥim through an analysis of the narratives concerning the identity of the enigmatic figure Ibn Ṣayyād, whose status has been the subject of scholarly debate in the Islamic tradition since the time of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ. Employing a qualitative research design based on document analysis, the study compiles the relevant hadiths from the major hadith collections and critically examines the interpretations and commentaries of both classical and contemporary scholars. The findings demonstrate that scholarly discussions on the identity of Ibn Ṣayyād have developed into two principal positions. The first identifies him as the true Dajjāl (Antichrist), while the second—representing the majority view—rejects this identification on the basis of their respective textual and theological arguments. The study concludes that this controversy remains an open scholarly discourse within the sphere of ijtihād, where no definitive conclusion has been reached. As such, it serves as a model of Islamic scholarly engagement that acknowledges the limits of human cognition while respecting legitimate differences of scholarly opinion. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of cultivating spiritual awareness and recognizing humanity's absolute dependence upon Allah's power when addressing matters of eschatological uncertainty, particularly those related to al-Fitan and al-Malāḥim.
Downloads
References
Al-Quran
Al-‘Aynī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd bin Aḥmad. 1431 H. ʿUmdah al-Qārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Abū Dāwud. 2009. Sunan Abī Dāwud. Damsyik: Dār al-Risālah al-‘Ālamiyyah.
Abū Nu’aym al-Aṣbahānī. 1990. Tārīkh Aṣbahān. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Abū Yaʿlā al-Mūṣilī, Aḥmad bin ʿAlī. 1984. Musnad Abī Ya’lā. Damsyik: Dār al-Ma’mūn li al-Turāth.
Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal. 2001. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal. T.t: Muassasah al-Risālah.
Alāʾuddīn Mughlaṭāy bin Qalīj. 2001. Ikmāl Tahdhīb al-Kamāl. T.t: al-Fārūq al-Ḥadīthah li al-Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr.
Al-Asyqar, ʿUmar bin Sulaymān. 1991. Al-Qiyāmah al-Ṣughrā. Jordan: Dār al-Nafā’is li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī’.
Al-Bayhaqī, Abū Bakr Aḥmad bin al-Ḥusayn. 1986. Al-Baʿth wa al-Nushūr. Riyāḍ: Maktabah Dār al-Ḥijāz li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī’.
Barrā’ Nizār Rayyān. 2021. I’rāḍ al-Imām al-Bukhārī ʿan Takhrīj al-Ḥadīth fī Ṣaḥīḥih. Universiti Islam Gaza: IUG Journal of Islamic Studies (Hadith – Tafsir – Islamic Belief). Vol. 29, No. 3.
Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad bin Ismāʿīl. 1993. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Damsyik: Dār Ibn Kathīr.
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Disunting daripada laman Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM). Pautan: https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/
Al-Dihlawī, ‘Abd al-Ḥaq bin Sayf al-Dīn. 2014. Lama’āt al-Tanqīḥ fī Sharḥ Mishkāh al-Maṣābīḥ. Damsyik: Dār al-Nawādir.
Al-Dubaykhī, Sulaymān bin Muḥammad. 2001. Aḥādīth ʿAqīdah allatī Yūhim Ẓāhiruhā al-Ta’āruḍ fī al-Ṣaḥīḥayn: Dirāsah wa al-Tarjīḥ. Universiti Umm al-Qurā: Tesis Sarjana.
Faḥīm Abū ‘Abiyyah. 1968. Al-Nihāyah fī al-Fitan wa al-Malāḥim (taḥqīq). Riyadh: Maktabah al-Naṣr al-Ḥadīthah.
Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr. 2019. Al-Istī’āb fī Ma’rifah al-Aṣḥāb. Mesir: Markaz Hijr li al-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt al-ʿArabiyyah wa al-Islāmiyyah.
Ibn al-Athīr, ‘Alī bin Aḥmad. 1994. Usud al-Ghābah fī Maʿrifah al-Ṣaḥābah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Baṭṭāl, ‘Alī bin Khalaf. 2003. Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī li Ibn Baṭṭāl. Riyāḍ: Maktabah al-Rushd.
Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī, Aḥmad bin ‘Alī. 1390 H. Fatḥ al-Bārī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Mesir: al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyah.
Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī. Aḥmad bin ‘Alī. 1415 H. Al-Iṣābah fī Tamyīz al-Ṣaḥābah. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Kathīr, Ismā’īl bin ‘Umar. 1420 H. Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah. T.t.: Markaz al-Buḥūth wa al-Dirāsāt al-ʿArabiyyah wa al-Islāmiyyah bi Dār Hijr.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Aḥmad bin ‘Abd al-Ḥalīm. 1985. Al-Furqān Bayna Awliyā’ al-Raḥmān wa Awliyā’ al-Shayṭān. Damsyik: Maktabah Dār al-Bayān.
Al-Khaṭṭābī, Ḥamad bin Muḥammad. 1988. A’lām al-Ḥadīth Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Universiti Umm al-Qurā: Markaz al-Buḥūth al-‘Ilmiyyah wa Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-Islāmī.
Al-Khaṭṭābī, Ḥamad bin Muḥammad. 1932. Ma’ālim al-Sunan Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwud. Halab: al-Maṭba’ah al-Ilmiyyah.
Al-Kūrānī, Shams al-Dīn Aḥmad bin Ismā’īl. 2008. Al-Kawthar al-Jārī ilā Riyāḍ Aḥādīth al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Al-Muṭīrī, Ḥākim. 2009. Dirāsah li Ḥadīth al-Jassāsah wa Bayān mā fīhi min al-ʿIlal fī al-Isnād wa al-Matn. Pautan : http://www.dr-hakem.com/portals/Content/?info=TmpJMkpsTjFZbEJoWjJVbU1RPT0rdQ==.jsp
Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. 1955. Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Kaherah: Maṭbaʿah ʿĪsā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa Shurakāh.
Al-Mullā ‘Alī al-Qārī, ‘Alī bin Muḥammad. 2002. Mirqāh al-Mafātīḥ Sharḥ Mishkāh al-Maṣābīḥ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā bin Sharaf. 1392 H. Al-Minhāj Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim bin al-Ḥajjāj. Beirut: Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Al-Qāḍī ‘Iyāḍ, ‘Iyāḍ bin Mūsā. 1998. Ikmāl al-Muʿlim bi Fawāʾid al-Muslim. Mesir: ār al-Wafā’ li al-Ṭibā’ah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī’.
Al-Qurṭubī, Aḥmad bin ‘Umar. 1996. Al-Mufhim li mā Ushkila min Talkhīṣ Kitāb Muslim. Damsyik: Dār Ibn Kathīr.
Al-Qurṭubī, Muḥammad bin Aḥmad. 1425 H. Al-Tadhkirah bi Aḥwāl al-Mawtā wa Umūr al-Ākhirah. Riyadh: Maktabah Dār al-Minhāj li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī’.
Sa’īd Ayyūb. 1991. ‘Aqīdah al-Masīḥ al-Dajjāl fī al-Adyān: Qirāʾah fī al-Mustaqbal. Beirut: Dār al-Hādī.
Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ṭībī, al-Ḥusayn bin ‘Abdullāh. 1997. Al-Kāshif ʿan Ḥaqāʾiq al-Sunan. Makkah: Maktabah Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz.
Al-Shurmān, Khālid Muḥammad dan al-Bawāʾinah, Sa’īd Muḥammad. Aḥādīth al-Fitan: Mafhūmuhā wa al-Taṣnīf Fīhā wa Qīmatuhā al-‘Amaliyyah wa Qawāʿid Fahmihā. Al-Majallah al-Urduniyyah fī al-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyyah.
Al-Syawkānī, Muḥammad bin ‘Alī. 1427 H. Nayl al-Awṭār min Asrār Muntaqā al-Akhbār. Arab Saudi: Dār Ibn al-Jawzī li al-Nashr wa al-Tawzī’.
Al-Ṭabarānī, Sulaymān bin Aḥmad. 1994. Al-Mu’jam al-Kabīr. Kaherah: Maktabah Ibn Taymiyyah.
Al-Tirmidhī, Muḥammad bin ‘Īsā. 1409 H. Al-ʿIlal al-Kabīr. Beirut: Maktabah al-Nahḍah al-ʿArabiyyah.
Al-Tirmidhī, Muḥammad bin ‘Īsā. 2009. Sunan al-Tirmidhī. Damsyik: Dār al-Risālah al-‘Ālamiyyah.
The Britannica Dictionary. Disunting daripada laman: https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/polemic
Yasir bin Ramli. 2023. Al-Ittijāhāt al-Tafsīriyyah li al-Ḥawādīth al-Wāridah fī Aḥādīth al-Fitan wa al-Malāḥim: Dirāsah Taḥlīliyyah li Namādhij Mukhtārah. Tesis PhD, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia.
Al-Zahabī, Abū ʿAbdullāh Aḥmad bin Muḥammad. 2021. Tajrīd Asmā’ al-Ṣaḥābah. UAE: Jamʿiyyah Dār al-Birr.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The copyright of this article will be vested to author(s) and granted the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, unless otherwise stated.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

